Over
the last ten years, there has been a marked change
from "instructivist" points
of view to "constructivist" points of
view among instructional designers. Instructivist points
of view hold the belief that the role of knowledge
is fundamentally to represent the real world. In
this view, meaning is determined by the real world
and is therefore external to the learner.
References: Merriënboer, J. J. van. (1997). Training complex cognitive
skills. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology
Publications. |
Instructivists hold that the "real world," external
to individuals, can be represented as knowledge
and determines what will be understood by individuals.
This view has been shifting to a constructivist
view over the past decade (Merriënboer,
1997).
References: Merriënboer, J. J. van. (1997). Training complex cognitive
skills. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology
Publications. |
| Explanation: This example has been plagiarized.
The student has substituted synonyms for many words
in the passage, but has not changed the structure
of the text and has used another person's ideas without
crediting that person for them. |
Explanation: This example has been paraphrased
and the original author has been credited for those
ideas. The student has cited the source of the ideas
appropriately, and included the source in the reference
list. |
